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Physiology is taught in Erlangen since the founding of the Friedrich-Alexander-University on 4.11.1743. Anatomists started these \u2018teachings of the functional life forms\u2019 because they were no longer satisfied with investigating only the static structure of humans and animals. This marks a revival since the time of Hippocrates<\/em> and the antique \u2018Physiologus\u2019 and is manifested with the publication of \u2018Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus\u2019 (Anatomical<\/strong> essay about the movement of heart and blood in animals) by William Harvey<\/em> in 1628. In this essay Harvey reports impressively simple experiments that prove blood to be flowing in a closed circuit \u2013 thereby defeating the academic opinion at the time of blood being constantly produced in the liver and \u2018used up\u2019 in the tissues.<\/p>\n![\"Ansicht](\"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/files\/2023\/01\/Institut_Historisch01-300x188.jpg\")
At the university\u2019s founding, the winter semester of 1743\/44, the medical faculty comprised 5 professors, each of whom contributed to the teaching of Physiology. Among many other medical and natural science courses, Schmidel<\/em> taught \u2018Physiology after Boerhave<\/em> Pathology & Semiotics\u2019. After 1749 he also performed sections (see Engelhardt<\/em> 1843). Physiology at the time was only a side discipline and was surely not in the focus of research as today.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Our discipline first became an independent chair with the appointment of the first full physiologist, Isidor Rosenthal<\/em> (1836-1915) in 1872. Rosenthal had previously worked many years as assistant to the famous Berlin physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond<\/em>. He started his work in Erlangen as professor of Physiology and initially also of Hygiene at the same building, that our institute resides in today. The building hat 9 years before been commissioned by anatomist and<\/strong> physiologist Joseph von Gerlach<\/em> as the university\u2019s first new building at the \u2018Schlossgarten\u2019 park\u2019s south side and to this day is sometimes called \u2018second\u2019 or \u2018old anatomy building\u2019.<\/p>\n After tough negotiations, Rosenthal got the university to renovate the building for the Institute of Physiology\u2019s needs. For that from 1897 until 1903, his chair transitionally moved to the hitherto \u2018Delivery clinic\u2019 \u2013 the area that today houses the Institute of Pathology.<\/p>\n Amongst Rosenthal\u2019s<\/em> many scientific achievements, the most notable is the tablet press, which was in part developed in Berlin and brought to Erlangen with him in 1872. This was a critical innovation for the pharmacological industry at the time. Rosenthal also served as physician to the troops in the war between Germany and France in 1871 and was awarded the Iron Cross on White Ribbons. In Erlangen, he not only contributed to the scientific community, but also as politician and member of the city council. As hygienist, he supported the founding of a communal bath with tubs and showers \u2018for the poor\u2019, the slaughter house, the Pauli-Fountain at the market square and of the \u2018Sekund\u00e4rbahn\u2019 train line between Erlangen and Gr\u00e4fenberg.<\/p>\n Rosenthal\u2019s<\/em> successor was Ernst Winland<\/em> (1869-1932), wo was appointed on 1.10.1913. In the later years, he was deputized by the Institute\u2019s custodian Kurt Gro\u00df<\/em> (1887-1969) and retired on 1.8.1932. After 1.10.1932 Richard Wagner<\/em> (1893-1970) became head of the Institute, but was shortly later appointed to Breslau (today Worclaw) und the worked in Munich after 19491. His successor was Rupprecht Matthaei<\/em> (1895-1976), appointed on 1.4.1935. Deemed \u2018ardent supporter\u2019 (he was a NSDAP member since 1931), he was discharged by the US military government on 6.6.1945. His license to teach was reinstated in 1951. He was appointed to the new found chair \u2018Professor of Physiology for Psychologist\u2019 an 1.1.1956 and retired on 1.6.1961. Otto F. Ranke<\/em> (1899 \u2013 1959) became interim director if the institute on 1.5.1946 but was already discharged by the military government three month later. He became a full professor and director of the Institute on 16.9.1947 and died in 1959.<\/p>\n Ranke gave rise to the era of physiology of the sensory and of the central nervous system: In Basel, Heidelberg and Munich, he learnt from Philipp Broemser, who was focused on the cardiovascular system. Ranke\u2019s name today is still associated with pulse waves and certain physical properties of the expansion tank. Ranke applied these technical descriptions of the pulse wave were applied to the liquids of the inner ear, leading to the conception of the famous \u2018travelling wave theory\u2019. This theory describes the frequency mapping onto the cochlea basilary membrane and was proven by Georg von B\u00e9kesy in ingenious experiments, for which he was awarded with a nobel prize in 1961 \u2013 two years after Ranke\u2019s death. His successor W.D. Keidel<\/em> wrote a eulogy (in German)<\/a> that was published in \u2018Ergebnisse der Physiologie\u2019.<\/p>\n It was only in the spring of 2016 that the institute gained knowledge of Ranke\u2019s work on the military uses of the stimulant Previtin, he conducted during hist time at the Institute of Aviationphysiologie (director Hubertus Strughold<\/em>) at the Berlin Military Medical Academy. Previtin (N-Metamphetamine, today also known as \u2018Crystal Meth\u2019) was freely available until 1941. It suppresses fatigue, hunger and pain, it boosts performance and concentration, it causes euphoria and can lead to addiction very quickly. The extensive use of Previtin is said to have facilitated Hilter\u2019s<\/em> success in the blitz against Poland and France in 1939\/1940. \u00a0Although Ranke describes Previtin as \u2018valuable tool to break fatigue in exceptional situations, at least in leaders\u2019 in his 1040 report, he also highlighted \u2018potential long-term harm due to abuse\u2019 and demanded a medical oversight of Previtin administration (see Bundesarchiv RH 12-23\/1882).<\/p>\n Ranke\u2019s successor Wolf D. Keidel (director 1961 \u2013 1986) is responsible for transferring the pulse wave theory from mechanical theories to electro physiology. He also led the way in ultrasonic diagnostics. At the start of 1965, he initiated the creation of a second chair, today known as \u2018Institute of cellular and molecular Physiology\u2019 and lead by Prof. Dr. Christoph Krombacher<\/em>. This duplication of Chair and Institute was the first in the German history of academia. At first, many colleagues did not understand and strongly criticized this decision, but it quickly became common throughout German-speaking countries.<\/p>\n Hermann O. Handwerker (director 1986-2006) focused the Institute\u2019s attention on pain that was intensively investigated from the level of its receptors with molecularbiological methods all the way up to its central projections with modern imaging methods. \u00a0On top of his work as the Institute\u2019s director and his scientific work, he was (and still is) highly motivated to improve teaching at the Institute. He was a speaker on many occasions and some of his speeches were published in the Proceedings of the Physical-Medical Society Erlangen and can be viewed here<\/a> (in German, with friendly permission by Publisher Palm and Enke).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" History of the Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology in Erlangen Written by Prof. Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Karl-Heinz Plattig Physiology is taught in Erlangen since the founding of the Friedrich-Alexander-University on 4.11.1743. Anatomists started these \u2018teachings of the functional life forms\u2019 because they were no longer satisfied with investigating only the static structure of humans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4206,"featured_media":0,"parent":592,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_rrze_cache":"enabled","_rrze_multilang_single_locale":"en_US","_rrze_multilang_single_source":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/?page_id=75","footnotes":""},"page_category":[],"page_tag":[],"class_list":["post-596","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","en-US"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4206"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=596"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":857,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/596\/revisions\/857"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"page_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/page_category?post=596"},{"taxonomy":"page_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/page_tag?post=596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"Ansicht](\"https:\/\/www.physiologie1.med.fau.de\/files\/2023\/01\/Institut_Historisch02-300x183.jpg\")
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